ืžื‘ืขืจ ืœืงืขืจืช ืืฉ: ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉืฆืจื™ืš ืœื“ืขืช

ืžื‘ืขืจ ืœืงืขืจืช ืืฉ: ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉืฆืจื™ืš ืœื“ืขืช

ืžื‘ืขืจื™ื ืœืงืขืจืช ืืฉ ื”ื ื‘ื—ื™ืจื” ืžืฆื•ื™ื ืช ืœืžื™ ืฉืžืขื•ื ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืงืขืจืช ืืฉ ื ืงื™ื™ื” ื•ืœืœื ืขืฉืŸ, ืฉืžืชืื™ืžื” ื’ื ืœืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ืคื ื™ืžื™ ื•ื’ื ื—ื™ืฆื•ื ื™. ื‘ื–ื›ื•ืช ืžื ื’ื ื•ืŸ ื”ื‘ืขืจื” ื”ื‘ื˜ื•ื—, ืžื‘ืขืจื™ ืืชื ื•ืœ ืžืฉื“ืจื™ื ื—ื•ื ืœืœื ืจื™ื— ื•ืžืกืคืงื™ื ืื•ื•ื™ืจื” ื ืขื™ืžื” ื•ื ืงื™ื™ื”. ื‘ืžืืžืจ ื–ื” ื ืขืžื™ืง ื‘ื™ืชืจื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืžื‘ืขืจื™ ืืชื ื•ืœ ื‘ืงืขืจื•ืช ืืฉ, ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื”ื ืคื•ืขืœื™ื, ื•ืœืžื” ื”ื ืžื”ื•ื•ื™ื ืคืชืจื•ืŸ ืื™ื“ื™ืืœื™ ืœืขื™ืฆื•ื‘ ืขื›ืฉื•ื•ื™.


1. ืžื”ื• ืžื‘ืขืจ ืืชื ื•ืœ ื•ืื™ืš ื”ื•ื ืขื•ื‘ื“?

ืžื‘ืขืจ ืืชื ื•ืœ ื”ื•ื ืžื›ืฉื™ืจ ื‘ืขื™ืจื” ืคืฉื•ื˜, ื”ืžืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืืชื ื•ืœ โ€“ ื“ืœืง ืžืชื›ืœื” ื•ื™ื“ื™ื“ื•ืชื™ ืœืกื‘ื™ื‘ื”. ื”ืืชื ื•ืœ ื ืฉืจืฃ ืœืœื ืคืœื™ื˜ืช ืขืฉืŸ ืื• ืจื™ื— ื—ื–ืง, ืžื” ืฉื”ื•ืคืš ืื•ืชื• ืœื‘ื—ื™ืจื” ืžืขื•ืœื” ืœื—ืœืœื™ื ืกื’ื•ืจื™ื ื›ืžื• ืกืœื•ืŸ, ื—ื“ืจ ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช, ืื• ืžืจืคืกืช ืžืงื•ืจื”. ื”ื”ืชืงื ื” ืงืœื” ื•ืžืืคืฉืจืช ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืžื‘ืขืจ ื‘ืชื•ืš ืงืขืจืช ื”ืืฉ, ื›ืš ืฉื”ื•ื ืžืฉื“ืจ ื—ืžื™ืžื•ืช ืžื‘ืœื™ ืœื”ืคืจื™ืข ืœืื™ื›ื•ืช ื”ืื•ื•ื™ืจ.

2. ื™ืชืจื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืžื‘ืขืจ ืืชื ื•ืœ ื‘ืงืขืจื•ืช ืืฉ

ืžื‘ืขืจื™ ืืชื ื•ืœ ืžืฆื™ืขื™ื ืžื’ื•ื•ืŸ ื™ืชืจื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืžืขืžื™ื“ื™ื ืื•ืชื ื›ืคืชืจื•ืŸ ืื˜ืจืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™ ืœืขื™ืฆื•ื‘ ื•ืื•ื•ื™ืจื”:

  • ื ื™ืงื™ื•ืŸ ื•ืงืœื•ืช ืชื—ื–ื•ืงื”: ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืื™ื ื• ื™ื•ืฆืจ ืคื™ื—, ื”ืžื‘ืขืจ ื“ื•ืจืฉ ืคื—ื•ืช ืชื—ื–ื•ืงื” ืžืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืขืฅ.
  • ืื•ื•ื™ืจื” ื ืขื™ืžื” ืœืœื ืขืฉืŸ: ื”ืืชื ื•ืœ ื ืฉืจืฃ ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ื ืงื™ื™ื”, ื•ืžืชืื™ื ื’ื ืœืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ืคื ื™ืžื™ ื•ื’ื ื—ื™ืฆื•ื ื™.
  • ืคืฉื˜ื•ืช ื‘ื”ืคืขืœื”: ืœื”ื“ืœื™ืง ืืช ื”ืžื‘ืขืจ ืคืฉื•ื˜ ื•ืœืœื ืฆื•ืจืš ื‘ื”ืชืงื ืช ืฆื™ื•ื“ ืžืกื•ื‘ืš.

3. ืชื—ื–ื•ืงื” ื•ื‘ื˜ื™ื—ื•ืช ื‘ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืžื‘ืขืจ ืืชื ื•ืœ

ื›ืžื• ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืงื•ืจ ืืฉ, ื”ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืžื‘ืขืจ ืืชื ื•ืœ ื“ื•ืจืฉ ืชืฉื•ืžืช ืœื‘ ืœื ื•ืฉื ื”ื‘ื˜ื™ื—ื•ืช:

  • ื”ืจื—ืงื” ืžื—ืคืฆื™ื ื“ืœื™ืงื™ื: ื•ื“ืื• ืฉื”ืงืขืจื” ืขื•ืžื“ืช ื‘ืžืงื•ื ื‘ื˜ื•ื—, ื”ืจื—ืง ืžื”ื™ืฉื’ ื™ื“ื ืฉืœ ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืื• ื‘ืขืœื™ ื—ื™ื™ื.
  • ืžื™ืœื•ื™ ื ื›ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ืืชื ื•ืœ: ื™ืฉ ืœืžืœื ืืช ื”ืžื‘ืขืจ ื‘ื›ืžื•ืช ื”ืืชื ื•ืœ ื”ืžื•ืžืœืฆืช ื•ืœื•ื•ื“ื ืฉื”ืžื™ื›ืœ ืกื’ื•ืจ ื”ื™ื˜ื‘ ืœืคื ื™ ื”ื”ื“ืœืงื”.
  • ื›ื™ื‘ื•ื™ ืœืื—ืจ ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ: ืžื•ืžืœืฅ ืœื›ื‘ื•ืช ืืช ื”ืžื‘ืขืจ ืื—ืจื™ ื”ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื•ืœื•ื•ื“ื ืฉื”ืงืขืจื” ืžืชืงืจืจืช ื›ืจืื•ื™.

4. ื”ืฉืชืœื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืขื™ืฆื•ื‘ ืคื ื™ื ื•ื—ื•ืฅ

ืงืขืจืช ืืฉ ืขื ืžื‘ืขืจ ืืชื ื•ืœ ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื”ื•ื•ืช ืžื•ืงื“ ืขื™ืฆื•ื‘ื™ ื ื”ื“ืจ ื‘ืคื ื™ื ื•ื‘ื—ื•ืฅ. ื‘ื—ื“ืจื™ ืžื’ื•ืจื™ื, ื”ืžื‘ืขืจ ื™ื•ืฆืจ ืื•ื•ื™ืจื” ื ืขื™ืžื” ื•ื™ื•ืงืจืชื™ืช, ื‘ืขื•ื“ ืฉื‘ืžืจืคืกื•ืช ื•ื’ื™ื ื•ืช ื”ื•ื ืžื•ืกื™ืฃ ืชื—ื•ืฉืช ื—ืžื™ืžื•ืช ื•ืื•ืจ ื˜ื‘ืขื™. ืžื‘ืขืจื™ ื”ืืชื ื•ืœ ืžืขื ื™ืงื™ื ื’ืžื™ืฉื•ืช ืขื™ืฆื•ื‘ื™ืช, ื›ืš ืฉื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืฉืœื‘ื ื›ืžืขื˜ ื‘ื›ืœ ืกื’ื ื•ืŸ.

5. ืฉืืœื•ืช ื ืคื•ืฆื•ืช ืขืœ ืžื‘ืขืจื™ ืืชื ื•ืœ ืœืงืขืจื•ืช ืืฉ

ื”ืื ืžื‘ืขืจ ืืชื ื•ืœ ืžืชืื™ื ืœืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ื‘ื™ืช?
ื‘ื”ื—ืœื˜. ืžื‘ืขืจื™ ืืชื ื•ืœ ืคื•ืขืœื™ื ืœืœื ืขืฉืŸ, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื”ื ืžืชืื™ืžื™ื ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืœื—ืœืœื™ื ืกื’ื•ืจื™ื.

ื›ืžื” ื–ืžืŸ ืžื‘ืขืจ ืืชื ื•ืœ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืคืขื•ืœ?
ืžื‘ืขืจื™ ืืชื ื•ืœ ืกื˜ื ื“ืจื˜ื™ื™ื ืคื•ืขืœื™ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉืขืชื™ื™ื ืœืืจื‘ืข ืฉืขื•ืช, ืชืœื•ื™ ื‘ื’ื•ื“ืœ ื”ืžื™ื›ืœ ื•ื‘ื›ืžื•ืช ื”ืืชื ื•ืœ.

ืื™ืš ืžืชื—ื–ืงื™ื ืžื‘ืขืจ ืืชื ื•ืœ ืœืื•ืจืš ื–ืžืŸ?
ืžื‘ืขืจ ืืชื ื•ืœ ื“ื•ืจืฉ ื ื™ืงื•ื™ ืžื™ื ื™ืžืœื™ โ€“ ื ื™ื’ื•ื‘ ืงืœ ืฉืœ ื”ืงืขืจื” ื•ื”ืื–ื•ืจ ืื—ืจื™ ื›ืœ ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื™ืกืคื™ืง ื›ื“ื™ ืœืฉืžื•ืจ ืขืœื™ื•.


ืœืงื‘ืœืช ืžื™ื“ืข ื ื•ืกืฃ ืขืœ ืงืขืจื•ืช ืืฉ ืžืขื•ืฆื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื™ื“, ืืชื ืžื•ื–ืžื ื™ื ืœื‘ืงืจ ื‘ืืชืจ ืฉืœื™, ื•ืœื’ืœื•ืช ืงื•ืœืงืฆื™ื•ืช ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ื™ื•ืช ืฉืžืฉืœื‘ื•ืช ืืช ื”ืžื‘ืขืจื™ื ื”ืื™ื›ื•ืชื™ื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ.


ื—ื–ื•ืจ ืœืงืขืจื•ืช ืืฉ

ื”ืฉืืจืช ืชื’ื•ื‘ื”

ืฉื™ื ืœื‘, ืชื’ื•ื‘ื•ืช ืฆืจื™ื›ื•ืช ืœืขื‘ื•ืจ ืื™ืฉื•ืจ ืžื ื”ืœ ืœืคื ื™ ืฉื”ื ืžืคื•ืจืกืžื•ืช.